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1.
Rev. cuba. med ; 60(supl.1): e1549, 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1408957

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La disfunción cardíaca emerge como una de las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad entre los sobrevivientes de cáncer. En la actualidad, el trastuzumab se considera parte de la terapia estándar para el cáncer de mama; sin embargo, se asocia a una variada incidencia de cardiotoxicidad. Caso clínico: Paciente femenina de 52 años que recibió neoadyuvancia con antraciclinas, y luego, taxanos combinados a trastuzumab. Se le realizó una cuadrantectomía de mama izquierda por un carcinoma ducto lobulillar infiltrante, etapa IIIa, con un fenotipo: luminal B- Her2 positivo. Desarrolló una insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva, luego de dos dosis de trastuzumab posoperatorio. La fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda descendió de 65 por ciento (previo al tratamiento con antraciclinas) a 44 por ciento. Recibió tratamiento con enalapril, carvedilol, y espironolactona. Se recuperó la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda a 57 por ciento, por lo que se reintrodujo el trastuzumab y así completar las 18 dosis planificadas, luego de cuatro meses de suspensión. Actualmente, está libre de enfermedad, en tratamiento hormonal con letrozol y sin síntomas cardiovasculares. Conclusiones: La cardiotoxicidad por trastuzumab puede ser reversible, si se trata adecuada y oportunamente, en el marco de grupos multidisciplinarios y Unidades de Cardio-Oncología(AU)


Introduction: Cardiac dysfunction emerges as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. Currently, trastuzumab is considered part of the standard therapy for breast cancer; however, it is associated with a varied incidence of cardiotoxicity. Clinical case report: A case of a 52-year-old female patient is reported here, because she received neoadjuvant therapy with anthracyclines and later, taxanes combined with trastuzumab. She underwent a quadrantectomy of her left breast for an infiltrating lobular duct carcinoma, stage IIIa, with a phenotype: luminal B-Her2 positive. She developed congestive heart failure after two doses of postoperative trastuzumab. The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 65 percent (prior to anthracycline treatment) to 44 percent. She was treated with enalapril, carvedilol, and spironolactone. The left ventricular ejection fraction was recovered to 57 percent, so trastuzumab was reintroduced and thus complete the 18 planned doses, after four months of suspension. Currently, she is disease-free, on hormonal treatment with letrozole, and without cardiovascular symptoms. Conclusions: Cardiotoxicity due to trastuzumab can be reversible, if it is appropriately and timely treated, within the framework of multidisciplinary groups and Cardio-Oncology Units(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Cardiotoxicity/epidemiology , Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
2.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 110(3): 231-239, Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888029

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Despite significant advances in understanding the pathophysiology and management of asthma, some of systemic effects of asthma are still not well defined. Objectives: To compare heart function, baseline physical activity level, and functional exercise capacity in young patients with mild-to-moderate asthma and healthy controls. Methods: Eighteen healthy (12.67 ± 0.39 years) and 20 asthmatics (12.0 ± 0.38 years) patients were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography parameters were evaluated using conventional and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Results: Although pulmonary acceleration time (PAT) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) were within normal limits, these parameters differed significantly between the control and asthmatic groups. PAT was lower (p < 0.0001) and PASP (p < 0.0002) was higher in the asthma group (114.3 ± 3.70 ms and 25.40 ± 0.54 mmHg) than the control group (135.30 ± 2.28 ms and 22.22 ± 0.40 mmHg). The asthmatic group had significantly lower early diastolic myocardial velocity (E', p = 0.0047) and lower E' to late (E'/A', p = 0.0017) (13.75 ± 0.53 cm/s and 1.70 ± 0.09, respectively) compared with control group (15.71 ± 0.34 cm/s and 2.12 ± 0.08, respectively) at tricuspid valve. In the lateral mitral valve tissue Doppler, the asthmatic group had lower E' compared with control group (p = 0.0466; 13.27 ± 0.43 cm/s and 14.32 ± 0.25 cm/s, respectively), but there was no statistic difference in the E'/A' ratio (p = 0.1161). Right isovolumetric relaxation time was higher (p = 0.0007) in asthmatic (57.15 ± 0.97 ms) than the control group (52.28 ± 0.87 ms), reflecting global myocardial dysfunction. The right and left myocardial performance indexes were significantly higher in the asthmatic (0.43 ± 0.01 and 0.37 ± 0.01, respectively) compared with control group (0.40 ± 0.01 and 0.34 ± 0.01, respectively) (p = 0.0383 and p = 0.0059, respectively). Physical activity level, and distance travelled on the six-minute walk test were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Changes in echocardiographic parameters, evaluated by conventional and TDI, were observed in mild-to-moderate asthma patients even with normal functional exercise capacity and baseline physical activity level. Our results suggest that the echocardiogram may be useful for the early detection and evoluation of asthma-induced cardiac changes.


Resumo Fundamento: Apesar de avanços significativos no entendimento da fisiopatologia e manejo da asma, alguns efeitos sistêmicos da asma ainda não são bem definidos. Objetivos: Comparar a função cardíaca, o nível de atividade física basal, e a capacidade funcional de pacientes jovens com asma leve a moderada com controles saudáveis. Métodos: Dezoito voluntários saudáveis (12,67 ± 0,39 anos) e 20 pacientes asmáticos (12,0 ± 0,38 anos) foram incluídos no estudo. Os parâmetros de ecocardiografia foram avaliados pelo exame de ecocardiogragia com Doppler convencional e tecidual (EDT). Resultados: Apesar de o tempo de aceleração pulmonar (TAP) e da pressão arterial sistólica pulmonar (PASP) encontrarem-se dentro da faixa de normalidade, esses parâmetros foram significativamente diferentes entre o grupo controle e o grupo asmático. O TAP foi menor (p < 0,0001) e a PASP maior (p < 0,0002) no grupo de indivíduos asmáticos (114,3 ± 3,70 ms e 25,40 ± 0,54 mmHg) que o grupo controle (135,30 ± 2,28 ms e 22,22 ± 0,40 mmHg). O grupo asmático apresentou velocidade diastólica inicial do miocárdio (E', p = 0,0047) e relação entre E' e velocidade tardia mais baixas (E'/A', p = 0,0017) (13,75 ± 0,53 cm/s e 1,70 ± 0,09, respectivamente) em comparação ao grupo controle (15,71 ± 0,34 cm/s e 2,12 ± 0,08, respectivamente) na valva tricúspide. No exame Doppler tecidual do anel mitral lateral, o grupo asmático apresentou menor E' em comparação ao grupo controle (p = 0,0466; 13,27 ± 0,43 cm/s e 14,32 ± 0,25 cm/s, respectivamente), mas não houve diferença estatística na razão E'/A' (p = 0,1161). O tempo de relaxamento isovolumétrico foi maior no grupo de pacientes asmáticos (57,15 ± 0,97 ms) que no grupo controle (52,28 ± 0,87 ms) (p = 0,0007), refletindo uma disfunção global do miocárdio. O índice de performance miocárdica direito e esquerdo foi significativamente maior no grupo asmático (0,43 ± 0,01 e 0,37 ± 0,01, respectivamente) que no grupo controle (0,40 ± 0,01 e 0,34 ± 0,01, respectivamente) (p = 0,0383 e p = 0,0059 respectivamente). O nível de atividade física e a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos foram similares entre os grupos. Conclusão: Mudanças nos parâmetros ecocardiográficos, avaliados pela ecocardiografia convencional e pela EDT foram observadas em pacientes com asma moderada a grave com capacidade funcional e nível de atividade física basal normais. Nossos resultados sugerem que o ecocardiograma pode ser útil para a detecção precoce e a evolução de alterações cardíacas induzidas pela asma. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018; 110(3):231-239)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Asthma/physiopathology , Exercise/physiology , Ventricular Function/physiology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Quality of Life , Reference Values , Respiratory Function Tests/methods , Systole/physiology , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Case-Control Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction/diagnostic imaging , Statistics, Nonparametric , Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed/methods , Diastole/physiology , Exercise Test/methods
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 107(6): 523-531, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838659

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: There is still debate about the relationship between changes in ventricular repolarization on the surface electrocardiogram and cirrhosis severity. Objective: To study the relationship between variables related to ventricular repolarization and the clinical severity of the cirrhotic disease. Methods: We selected 79 individuals with hepatic cirrhosis, classified according to the Child-Pugh-Turcotte criteria (Child A, B, and C). We measured the QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals, and the interval between the peak and the end of the T wave (TpTe), and we identified their minimum, maximum, and mean values in the 12-lead electrocardiogram. We also calculated the dispersion of the QT (DQT) and QTc (DQTc) intervals. Results: In 12 months of clinical follow-up, nine subjects underwent hepatic transplantation (Child A: 0 [0%]; Child B: 6 [23.1%]; Child C: 3 [18.8%]; p = 0.04) and 12 died (Child A: 3 [12.0%]; Child B: 4 [15.4%]; Child C: 5 [31.3%]; p = 0.002). No significant differences were observed between the cirrhotic groups related to the minimum, maximum, and mean values for the QT, QTc, TpTe, DQT, and DQTc intervals. A minimum TpTe interval ≤ 50 ms was a predictor for the composite endpoints of death or liver transplantation with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 57% (p = 0.005). In the Cox multivariate analysis, the Child groups and a minimum TpTe of ≤ 50 ms were independent predictors of the composite endpoints. Conclusion: The intervals QT, QTc, DQT, DQTc, and TpTe have similar distributions between different severity stages in cirrhotic disease. The TpTe interval proved to be a prognostic marker in subjects with cirrhosis, regardless of disease severity (NCT01433848).


Resumo Fundamento: Ainda há debate sobre a relação de alterações da repolarização ventricular ao eletrocardiograma de superfície e a gravidade da cirrose. Objetivo: Estudar a relação entre variáveis relacionadas à repolarização ventricular e a gravidade clínica da doença cirrótica. Métodos: Foram selecionados 79 sujeitos com cirrose hepática, classificados segundo os critérios Child-Pugh-Turcotte (Child A, B e C). Foram medidos intervalos QT e QT corrigido (QTc), o intervalo entre o ápice e o final da onda T (TpTe) e identificados os respectivos valores mínimos, máximos e médios nas 12 derivações do eletrocardiograma. Foram calculados também as dispersões dos intervalos QT (DQT) e QTc (DQTc). Resultados: Em 12 meses de acompanhamento clínico, nove sujeitos foram submetidos a transplante hepático (Child A: 0 (0%); Child B: 6 (23,1%); Child C: 3 (18,8%); p=0,04) e 12 faleceram (Child A: 3 (12,0%); Child B: 4 (15,4%); Child C: 5 (31,3%); p=0,002). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos cirróticos relacionadas aos valores mínimos, máximos e médios dos intervalos QT, QTc, TpTe, DQT e DQTc. O intervalo TpTe mínimo ≤50ms foi preditor de desfecho composto de óbito ou transplante hepático com sensibilidade de 90% e especificidade de 57% (p=0,005). Na análise multivariada de Cox, grupos Child e TpTe mínimo ≤50ms foram preditores independentes de desfechos compostos. Conclusão: Os intervalos QT, QTc, DQT, DQTc e TpTe apresentam distribuições semelhantes entre diferentes estágios de gravidade da doença cirrótica. O intervalo TpTe mostra-se marcador prognóstico em sujeitos cirróticos, independente da gravidade da doença. (NCT01433848).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Prognosis , Reference Values , Time Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Biomarkers , Multivariate Analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Analysis of Variance , Age Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction/mortality , Statistics, Nonparametric , Electrocardiography , Liver Cirrhosis/mortality
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 106(2): 136-144, Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775084

ABSTRACT

Background: Heart transplant rejection originates slow and fragmented conduction. Signal-averaged ECG (SAECG) is a stratification method in the risk of rejection. Objective: To develop a risk score for rejection, using SAECG variables. Methods: We studied 28 transplant patients. First, we divided the sample into two groups based on the occurrence of acute rejection (5 with rejection and 23 without). In a second phase, we divided the sample considering the existence or not of rejection in at least one biopsy performed on the follow-up period (rejection pm1: 18 with rejection and 10 without). Results: On conventional ECG, the presence of fibrosis was the only criterion associated with acute rejection (OR = 19; 95% CI = 1.65-218.47; p = 0.02). Considering the rejection pm1, an association was found with the SAECG variables, mainly with RMS40 (OR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.87-0.99; p = 0.03) and LAS40 (OR = 1.06; 95% IC = 1.01-1.11; p = 0.03). We formulated a risk score including those variables, and evaluated its discriminative performance in our sample. The presence of fibrosis with increasing of LAS40 and decreasing of RMS40 showed a good ability to distinguish between patients with and without rejection (AUC = 0.82; p < 0.01), assuming a cutoff point of sensitivity = 83.3% and specificity = 60%. Conclusion: The SAECG distinguished between patients with and without rejection. The usefulness of the proposed risk score must be demonstrated in larger follow-up studies.


Fundamento: A rejeição do transplante cardíaco origina zonas de condução lenta e fragmentada. O eletrocardiograma de alta resolução (ECGAR) é um método potencial de estratificação de risco da rejeição. Objetivo: Elaborar um escore de risco para rejeição, recorrendo ao ECGAR. Métodos: Estudaram-se 28 pacientes transplantados. Numa primeira fase, baseando-nos no diagnóstico de rejeição aguda, dividimos a amostra em dois grupos (5 pacientes com rejeição, 23 sem rejeição). Numa segunda fase, a divisão da amostra teve em conta o diagnóstico de rejeição em pelo menos uma biopsia realizada durante o seguimento (rejeição pm1) (18 pacientes com rejeição, 10 sem rejeição). Resultados: Para rejeição aguda, a única variável a revelar associação foi fibrose, evidenciando um aumento do risco de rejeição quando presente no ECG (OR = 19; IC 95% = 1,65-218,47; p = 0,02). Para rejeição pm1, constatamos que, para cada diminuição de unidade da RMS40, ocorre aumento de 7% do risco de rejeição (OR = 0,97; IC 95% = 0,87-0,99; p = 0,03) e que o aumento da LAS40 aumenta 1,06 vez o risco de rejeição (OR = 1,06; IC 95% = 1,01-1,11; p = 0,03). Formulamos um escore constituído por essas variáveis e aplicamos aos 28 indivíduos da amostra. A associação de fibrose, valores crescentes da LAS40 e valores decrescentes da RMS40 tem uma boa capacidade para distinguir doentes com e sem rejeição (AUC = 0,82; p < 0,01), assumindo um ponto de corte com sensibilidade = 83,3% e especificidade = 60%. Conclusão: O ECGAR distingue doentes com e sem rejeição. A utilidade do escore proposto deverá ser demonstrada em estudos de seguimento englobando uma amostra de maiores dimensões.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Electrocardiography/methods , Graft Rejection/diagnosis , Heart Transplantation/adverse effects , Acute Disease , Biopsy , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/complications , Endomyocardial Fibrosis/diagnosis , Graft Rejection/etiology , Graft Rejection/physiopathology , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment/methods , Sensitivity and Specificity , Ventricular Dysfunction/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 106(1): 62-69, Jan. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-771051

ABSTRACT

Abstract Cardiac remodeling is defined as a group of molecular, cellular and interstitial changes that manifest clinically as changes in size, mass, geometry and function of the heart after injury. The process results in poor prognosis because of its association with ventricular dysfunction and malignant arrhythmias. Here, we discuss the concepts and clinical implications of cardiac remodeling, and the pathophysiological role of different factors, including cell death, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, collagen, contractile proteins, calcium transport, geometry and neurohormonal activation. Finally, the article describes the pharmacological treatment of cardiac remodeling, which can be divided into three different stages of strategies: consolidated, promising and potential strategies.


Resumo A remodelação cardíaca é definida como um conjunto de mudanças moleculares, celulares e intersticiais cardíacas, que se manifestam clinicamente por alterações no tamanho, massa, geometria e função do coração, em resposta à determinada agressão. Esse processo resulta em mal prognóstico, pois está associado com a progressão da disfunção ventricular e arritmias malignas. Nessa revisão, são discutidos os conceitos e as implicações clínicas da remodelação, além do papel fisiopatológico de diferentes fatores, incluindo morte celular, metabolismo energético, estresse oxidativo, inflamação, colágeno, proteínas contráteis, transporte de cálcio, geometria e ativação neurohormonal. Finalmente, o artigo apresenta o tratamento farmacológico, que pode ser dividido em três estágios: estratégias consolidadas, promissoras e potenciais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Ventricular Dysfunction/drug therapy , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology , Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Calcium/metabolism , Collagen/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Oxidative Stress , Ventricular Dysfunction/metabolism
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 104(1): 45-52, 01/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, SES-SP | ID: lil-741127

ABSTRACT

Background: Heart failure and atrial fibrillation (AF) often coexist in a deleterious cycle. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction and AF treated with radiofrequency (RF) ablation. Methods: Patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction [ejection fraction (EF) <50%] and AF refractory to drug therapy underwent stepwise RF ablation in the same session with pulmonary vein isolation, ablation of AF nests and of residual atrial tachycardia, named "background tachycardia". Clinical (NYHA functional class) and echocardiographic (EF, left atrial diameter) data were compared (McNemar test and t test) before and after ablation. Results: 31 patients (6 women, 25 men), aged 37 to 77 years (mean, 59.8±10.6), underwent RF ablation. The etiology was mainly idiopathic (19 p, 61%). During a mean follow-up of 20.3±17 months, 24 patients (77%) were in sinus rhythm, 11 (35%) being on amiodarone. Eight patients (26%) underwent more than one procedure (6 underwent 2 procedures, and 2 underwent 3 procedures). Significant NYHA functional class improvement was observed (pre-ablation: 2.23±0.56; postablation: 1.13±0.35; p<0.0001). The echocardiographic outcome also showed significant ventricular function improvement (EF pre: 44.68%±6.02%, post: 59%±13.2%, p=0.0005) and a significant left atrial diameter reduction (pre: 46.61±7.3 mm; post: 43.59±6.6 mm; p=0.026). No major complications occurred. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AF ablation in patients with ventricular systolic dysfunction is a safe and highly effective procedure. Arrhythmia control has a great impact on ventricular function recovery and functional class improvement. .


Fundamento: Insuficiência cardíaca e fibrilação atrial (FA) frequentemente coexistem em um ciclo deletério. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução clínica e ecocardiográfica de portadores de disfunção ventricular e FA tratados com ablação por radiofrequência (RF). Métodos: Portadores de disfunção sistólica [fração de ejeção (FE) < 50%] e FA rebelde a tratamento clínico foram submetidos à ablação por RF escalonada em três etapas na mesma sessão com isolamento das veias pulmonares, ablação dos ninhos de FA, pesquisa e ablação de taquicardias atriais e "taquicardia de background". Os dados clínicos (classe funcional da NYHA) e ecocardiográficos (FE; diâmetro do átrio esquerdo) pré- e pós-procedimento foram comparados (teste de McNemar e teste t, respectivamente). Resultados: 31 pacientes (6 mulheres, 25 homens) de 37 a 77 anos (média, 59,8 ± 11 anos) foram submetidos à ablação por RF. A cardiopatia foi predominantemente idiopática (19 p; 61%). Na evolução média de 20,3 ± 17 meses, 24 pacientes (77%) estavam em ritmo sinusal, sendo 11 (35%) com amiodarona. Oito pacientes (26%) foram submetidos a mais de um procedimento (6 submetidos a 2 procedimentos e 2 a 3 procedimentos). Observou-se melhora expressiva da classe funcional da NYHA (pré-ablação: 2,23 ± 0,56; pós: 1,13 ± 0,35; p < 0,0001). A avaliação ecocardiográfica evolutiva também mostrou melhora significativa da função ventricular (FE pré: 44,68% ± 6,02%; pós: 59% ± 13,2%; p = 0,0005) e redução significativa no diâmetro do átrio esquerdo (pré: 46,61 ± 7,3 mm; pós: 43,59 ± 6,6 mm; p = 0,026). Não ocorreram complicações maiores. Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que ablação de FA em portadores de disfunção ventricular seja um procedimento seguro e com eficácia elevada a médio prazo. O controle da arritmia tem grande impacto na recuperação da função ventricular e na melhora clínica avaliada pela classe funcional. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation/methods , Heart Failure, Systolic/surgery , Ventricular Dysfunction/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Atrial Fibrillation , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Electrocardiography , Heart Atria/physiopathology , Heart Atria , Heart Failure, Systolic/physiopathology , Heart Failure, Systolic , Retrospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Stroke Volume/physiology , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction
9.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 29(4): 595-605, Oct-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741722

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar a eficácia do AAS e da Varfarina na profilaxia da trombose em pacientes submetidos a operação cavopulmonar total. Avaliar se fatores de coagulação (VII, VIII e Proteína C), dados clínicos, fenestração ou fatores hemodinâmicos, interferem na trombose no pós-operatório. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo e randomizado de 30 pacientes, randomizados em Grupo I (Varfarina) e Grupo II (AAS), submetidos à derivação cavopulmonar total com tubo extracardíaco, entre 2008 e 2011, com seguimento de dois anos. Foram realizadas consultas clínicas que avaliavam efeitos colaterais e aderência. Realizado ecocardiograma transesofágico no pós-operatório imediato, 3, 6,12 e 24 meses; angiotomografia aos 6, 12 e 24 meses de pós-operatório para avaliação de alterações na parede interna do tubo ou trombos e cintilografia pulmonar, para avaliar possível TEP. Resultados: Dois óbitos no grupo I; 33,3% dos pacientes apresentaram trombo (46,7% no Grupo II). A ocorrência prévia de trombo e baixos níveis de proteína C da coagulação foram os únicos fatores que influenciaram no tempo livre de trombo (P=0,035 e 0,047). Avaliação angiotomográfica: 35,7% dos pacientes do grupo II tinham atapeteamento maior que 2 mm (P=0,082). Cintilografia: dois pacientes apresentaram TEP no grupo II. Cinco pacientes tiveram dificuldade de aderência, 4 no grupo I com INR variando de 1 a 6,4. Conclusão: A ocorrência prévia de trombo é um fator de risco para trombose no pós-operatório. Pacientes em uso de AAS tendem a depósito de material na parede do tubo. O número reduzido da amostra não permitiu concluir qual a droga mais eficaz na prevenção da trombose na população estudada. .


Objective: To compare the efficacy of aspirin and warfarin for prophylaxis of thrombosis in patients undergoing total cavopulmonary anastomosis. Evaluate whether coagulation factors (VII, VIII and protein C), clinical data, fenestration or hemodynamic factors, interfere with postoperative thrombosis. Methods: A prospective, randomized study of 30 patients, randomized into Group I (Warfarin) and Group II (AAS), underwent total cavopulmonary shunt with extracardiac conduit, between 2008 and 2011, with follow-up by clinical visits to evaluate side effects and adhesion. Performed transesophageal echocardiography in post operatory time, 3, 6,12 and 24 months; angiotomography at 6, 12 and 24 months to evaluate changes in the internal tube wall or thrombi and pulmonary scintigraphy to evaluate possible PTE. Results: Two deaths in group I; 33.3% of patients had thrombus (46.7% in Group II). The previous occurrence of thrombus and low levels of coagulation protein C were the only factors that influenced the time free of thrombus (P=0.035 and 0.047). Angiotomographic evaluation: 35.7% in group II presented material accumulation greater than 2 mm (P=0.082). Scintigraphy: two patients had PTE in group II. Five patients had difficulty to comply with the treatment, 4 in group I with INR ranging from 1 to 6.4. Conclusion: The previous occurrence of thrombus is a risk factor for thrombosis in the postoperative period. Patients using AAS tend to deposit material in the tube wall. The small sample size did not allow to conclude which is the most effective drug in the prevention of thrombosis in this population. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Aspirin/therapeutic use , Fontan Procedure/methods , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Thrombosis/prevention & control , Warfarin/therapeutic use , Echocardiography , Fontan Procedure/adverse effects , Fontan Procedure/mortality , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Prospective Studies , Postoperative Complications/drug therapy , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Pulmonary Embolism , Radionuclide Imaging , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome , Thrombosis/drug therapy , Thrombosis/mortality , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
10.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 29(3): 402-413, Jul-Sep/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-727170

ABSTRACT

Implantable cardiac pacing systems are a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic irreversible bradycardia. Under the proper indications, cardiac pacing might bring significant clinical benefit. Evidences from literature state that the action of the artificial pacing system, mainly when the ventricular lead is located at the apex of the right ventricle, produces negative effects to cardiac structure (remodeling, dilatation) and function (dissinchrony). Patients with previously compromised left ventricular function would benefit the least with conventional right ventricle apical pacing, and are exposed to the risk of developing higher incidence of morbidity and mortality for heart failure. However, after almost 6 decades of cardiac pacing, just a reduced portion of patients in general would develop these alterations. In this context, there are not completely clear some issues related to cardiac pacing and the development of this cardiomyopathy. Causality relationships among QRS widening with a left bundle branch block morphology, contractility alterations within the left ventricle, and certain substrates or clinical (previous systolic dysfunction, structural heart disease, time from implant) or electrical conditions (QRS duration, percentage of ventricular stimulation) are still subjecte of debate. This review analyses contemporary data regarding this new entity, and discusses alternatives of how to use cardiac pacing in this context, emphasizing cardiac resynchronization therapy.


A estimulação cardíaca artificial (ECA) é o tratamento mais seguro e eficaz para a bradicardia sintomática irreversível. Nas indicações propícias, pode trazer grande benefício clínico. Contudo, as evidências mostram que a ação da ECA geraria, em alguns casos, efeitos deletérios à estrutura e fisiologia cardíacas. Este potencial efeito negativo da ECA convencional poderia ser mais acentuado principalmente em pacientes com comprometimento prévio da função ventricular esquerda e, sobretudo, quando o eletrodo é colocado em posição apical do ventrículo direito (VD). Intrigante é, contudo, que após quase 6 décadas de ECA do VD, apenas uma reduzida parcela de pacientes apresenta esta condição clinicamente manifesta. Os determinantes do surgimento ou não da cardiopatia por ECA não estão totalmente esclarecidos. Ainda é motivo de debate a existência de uma relação de causalidade entre o padrão de BRE artificial secundário à ativação antifisiológica ventricular, alterações da dinâmica contrátil ventricular, e condições clínicas (disfunção sistólica prévia, cardiopatia estrutural preexistente, tempo desde o implante) ou elétricas (duração do intervalo QRS, dose percentual de estimulação ventricular). Esta revisão aborda dados contemporâneos sobre esta nova entidade e discute alternativas de como utilizar a ECA neste contexto, com ênfase na terapia de ressincronização cardíaca.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/adverse effects , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology , Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/physiopathology , Hemodynamics , Risk Factors , Stroke Volume/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
11.
West Indian med. j ; 62(8): 721-723, Nov. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1045740

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the positive rate of ventricular late potential (VLP) between patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and patients with acute non NSTEMI. METHODS: One hundred and sixty-three cases of acute myocardial infarction (90 patients with STEMI and 73 with NSTEMI), admitted to the first hospital of China Medical University between June 2011 and August 2011, underwent VLP examination. RESULTS: The VLP positive rate of the STEMI group was 54.4%, while that of the NSTEMI group was 38.4%, and the differences have statistical meaning (χ2 = 4.186, p < 0.05). The occurrence rate of ventricular arrhythmia in VLP positive patients was 11.7%, while in VLP negative patients it was 3.5% (χ2 = 4.005, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The VLP positive rate of the STEMI group is higher than that of the NSTEMI group.


OBJETIVO: Analizar la tasa positiva del potencial tardío ventricular (PTV) entre pacientes con infarto agudo del miocardio sin elevación del segmento ST (NSTEMI por sus siglas en inglés) y el infarto agudo del miocardio con elevación del segmento ST (STEMI por sus siglas en inglés). MÉTODOS: Ciento sesenta y tres casos de infarto agudo de miocardio (90pacientes con STEMI) y 73 con NSTEMI, ingresados en la Universidad primer hospital de Medicina China entre junio y agosto de 2011, fueron sometidos a examen de PTV. RESULTADOS: La tasa positiva PVT del grupo STEMI fue 54.4%, mientras que la del grupo NSTEMI fue 38.4%, y las diferencias tienen significado estadístico (χ² = 4.186, p < 0.05). La tasa de ocurrencia de arritmia ventricular en pacientes PVTpositivos fue 11.7%, mientras que en los pacientes PVT negativos fue 3.5% (χ² = 4.005, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: La tasa PTV positiva del grupo STEMI es mayor que la del grupo NSTEMI.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Electrocardiography
12.
Clinics ; 68(1): 33-38, Jan. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-665914

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The failure to wean from mechanical ventilation is related to worse outcomes after cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serum level of B-type natriuretic peptide is a predictor of weaning failure from mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of 101 patients who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. B-type natriuretic peptide was measured postoperatively after intensive care unit admission and at the end of a 60-min spontaneous breathing test. The demographic data, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, fluid balance, need for vasopressor or inotropic support, and length of the intensive care unit and hospital stays were recorded. Weaning failure was considered as either the inability to sustain spontaneous breathing after 60 min or the need for reintubation within 48 h. RESULTS: Of the 101 patients studied, 12 patients failed the weaning trial. There were no differences between the groups in the baseline or intraoperative characteristics, including left ventricular function, EuroSCORE and lengths of the cardiac procedure and cardiopulmonary bypass. The B-type natriuretic peptide levels were significantly higher at intensive care unit admission and at the end of the breathing test in the patients with weaning failure compared with the patients who were successfully weaned. In a multivariate model, a high B-type natriuretic peptide level at the end of a spontaneous breathing trial was the only independent predictor of weaning failure from mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: A high B-type natriuretic peptide level is a predictive factor for the failure to wean from mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. These findings suggest that optimizing ventricular function should be a goal during the perioperative period.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Ventilator Weaning , Age Factors , Biomarkers/blood , Epidemiologic Methods , Hemodynamics , Postoperative Period , Predictive Value of Tests , Respiratory Function Tests , Risk Assessment , Sex Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Failure , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
13.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 100(1): 44-51, jan. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662383

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A Tolerância ao Esforço Físico (TEF) é uma medida de condicionamento cardiorrespiratório. A capacidade aeróbica é reduzida na Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC), embora não haja dados disponíveis sobre esse parâmetro em animais com disfunção ventricular e sem sinais de IC. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a TEF em ratos com disfunção ventricular diastólica isolada ou associada com disfunção sistólica induzida pela Estenose da Aorta ascendente (EAo). MÉTODOS: Ratos Wistar machos jovens (20-30 dias de idade) foram divididos em Grupo Controle (GC, n = 11) e Grupo EAo (n = 12). Os animais foram avaliados em 6 e 18 semanas após a cirurgia para EAo. O teste ergométrico foi feito até a exaustão e foram avaliadas a velocidade da esteira e a concentração de lactato [LAC] no limiar de lactato, velocidade da esteira e [LAC] na exaustão, e tempo total do teste. RESULTADOS: Dados ecocardiográficos revelaram remodelação do átrio esquerdo e hipertrofia concêntrica ventricular esquerda em 6 e 18 semanas. A fração de encurtamento endocárdico mostrou-se maior no grupo EAo do que no GC em 6 e 18 semanas. A fração de encurtamento da parede média mostrou-se maior no grupo EAo do que no GC em 6 semanas. O índice cardíaco mostrou-se semelhante no GC e no grupo EAo em 6 e 18 semanas, tendo diminuído entre 6-18 semanas em ambos os grupos. A razão entre a onda E a onda A foi maior no GC do que no grupo EAo em ambos os períodos e não se alterou em ambos os grupos entre a semana 6 e a semana 18. Os parâmetros do teste de esforço na esteira foram semelhantes nos dois grupos tanto na semana 6 quanto na semana 18. CONCLUSÃO: Embora a EAo promova a disfunção diastólica isolada ou associada à disfunção sistólica, em 6 ou 18 semanas, ela não é suficiente para alterar a tolerância ao esforço físico.


BACKGROUND: Physical stress tolerance (ST) is a measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Aerobic capacity is reduced in heart failure (HF) although there is no data available on this parameter in animals with ventricular dysfunction and no signs of HF. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate ST in rats with ventricular diastolic dysfunction isolated or associated with systolic dysfunction induced by ascending aortic stenosis (AoS). METHODS: Young male Wistar rats (20-30 days old), divided in: control group (CG, n=11) and AoSG group, (n=12). Animals were assessed at 6 and 18 weeks after AoS surgery. Treadmill exercise test was until exhaustion and evaluated treadmill speed and lactate concentration [LAC] at lactate threshold, treadmill speed and [LAC] at exhaustion, and total testing time. RESULTS: Echocardiography data revealed remodeling of the left atrium and left ventricular concentric hypertrophy at 6 and 18 weeks. Endocardial fractional shortening was greater in AoSG than CG at 6 and 18 weeks. Midwall fractional shortening was greater in AoSG than in CG only 6 week. Cardiac index was similar in CG and AoSG at 6 and 18 weeks and decreased between from 6 to 18 weeks in both groups. The E wave to A wave ratio was greater in CG than in AoSG at both periods and did not change in both groups between week 6 and 18. Treadmill stress testing parameters were similar in both groups at 6 or 18 weeks. CONCLUSION: Although AoS promotes isolated diastolic dysfunction or associated with systolic dysfunction at 6 or 18 weeks, it is not sufficient to modify physical stress tolerance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aortic Valve Stenosis/physiopathology , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Stress, Physiological/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Diastole/physiology , Echocardiography , Lactic Acid/blood , Rats, Wistar , Systole/physiology , Time Factors , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 100(1): 37-43, jan. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662384

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Poucos estudos analisaram os efeitos cardíacos do exercício físico prévio à oclusão coronariana. OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em ratas submetidas a exercício físico, as repercussões do infarto do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Ratas foram submetidas à natação ou permaneceram sedentárias por oito semanas e foram randomizadas para oclusão coronariana ou cirurgia simulada, compondo quatro grupos: Sedentário (S), Exercício (E), Sedentário infarto (SIM) e Exercício infarto (EIM). Após seis semanas, foram analisados biometria, ecodopplercardiograma, hemodinâmica e mecânica miocárdica. RESULTADOS: Não foram observados cardioproteção nos animais EIM e diferença no tamanho do infarto (%VE) entre EIM (38,50 ± 4,60%) e SIM (36,58 ± 4,11%). Os teores de água pulmonar (%) de SIM (80 ± 0,59) e EIM (80 ± 0,57) foram maiores do que em S (78 ± 0,15) e E (78 ± 0,57). A pressão sistólica (mmHg) do ventrículo esquerdo (S: 130 ± 5; E: 118 ± 8; SIM: 91 ± 3; EIM: 98 ± 3) e a primeira derivada temporal (mmHg/s) positiva da pressão (S: 8.216 ± 385; E: 8.437 ± 572; SIM: 4.674 ± 455; EIM: 5.080 ± 412) de S e E foram maiores do que em SIM e EIM. As frações de encurtamento da área transversa (%) de SIM (27 ± 2) e EIM (25 ± 2) foram similares e menores do que E (65 ± 2) e S (69 ± 2). A relação E/A foi maior em SIM (5,14 ± 0,61) e EIM (4,73 ± 0,57) em relação a S (2,96 ± 0,24) e E (2,83 ± 0,21). Em estudos de músculos papilares isolados foi verificada depressão da capacidade contrátil semelhante em SIM e EIM, e não houve alteração da rigidez miocárdica. CONCLUSÃO: O treinamento prévio por natação não atenuou as repercussões cardíacas em virtude do infarto do miocárdio.


BACKGROUND: Few studies have analyzed the cardiac effects of exercise prior to coronary occlusion. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of myocardial infarction in rats undergoing physical exercise. METHODS: Female rats underwent swimming exercise or were kept sedentary for eight weeks and were randomized to coronary occlusion or sham surgery, in one of the following four groups: Sedentary (S), exercise (E), Sedentary myocardial infarction (SMI) and Exercise myocardial infarction (EMI). After six weeks, their biometrics, Doppler echocardiography, hemodynamics and myocardial mechanics were analyzed. RESULTS: No cardioprotection was observed in EMI animals and there was no difference in infarct size (%LV) between EMI (38.50 ± 4.60%) and SMI (36.58 ± 4.11%). Water content of the lung (%) of SMI (80 ± 0.59) and EMI (80 ± 0.57) was higher than that of S (78 ± 0.15) and E (78 ± 0.57) groups. Left ventricular systolic pressure (mmHg) (S: 130 ± 5, E: 118 ± 8; SMI: 91 ± 3; EMI: 98 ± 3) and the first positive time derivative (mmHg) positive pressure (S: 8216 ± 385; E: 8437 ± 572; SMI: 4674 ± 455; EMI: 5080 ± 412) of S and E were higher than those of SMI and EMI. The transverse fractional shortening (%) of SMI (27 ± 2) and EMI (25 ± 2) were similar and lower than that of E (65 ± 2) and S (69 ± 2). The E/A ratio was higher in SMI (5.14 ± 0.61) and EMI (4.73 ± 0.57) compared to S (2.96 ± 0.24) and E (2.83 ± 0 21). In studies of isolated papillary muscle, depression of the contractile capacity observed was similar to that of SMI and EMI, and there was no change in myocardial stiffness. CONCLUSION: Previous training by swimming did not attenuate cardiac implications due to myocardial infarction.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Swimming/physiology , Coronary Occlusion/complications , Echocardiography, Doppler , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Papillary Muscles/physiopathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology
16.
J. bras. med ; 99(3): 8-12, Out.-Dez. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-612613

ABSTRACT

Após o infarto agudo do miocárdio podem ocorrer complexas alterações da arquitetura ventricular, envolvendo tanto a região infartada como a região não infartada. Há alguns anos, essas alterações passaram a ser designadas como remodelação ventricular pós-infarto. Do ponto de vista clínico, a remodelação está associada ao pior prognóstico após a oclusão coronária. Assim, a remodelação predispõe o coração infartado à ruptura ventricular e é o substrato fisiopatológico para a posterior formação do aneurisma ventricular. Cronicamente, a remodelação está associada com maior prevalência de arritmias malignas, principalmente a taquicardia ventricular sustentada e a fibrilação ventricular. O aspecto mais relevante da remodelação pós-infarto, no entanto, é que esse processo desempenha papel fundamental na fisiopatologia da disfunção ventricular. Aspecto a ser considerado refere-se ao fato de que a evolução do processo de remodelação pode ser modificado por meio de diversas intervenções terapêuticas. Entre as estratégias para atenuar a remodelação ventricular destacam-se: terapia de reperfusão, inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina e antagonistas da angiotensina II, betabloqueadores, antagonistas da aldosterona e dispositivos de assistência circulatória.


After acute myocardial infarction (AMI), complex changes in ventricular architecture may occur involving the infarcted and the non-infarcted region. This set of adaptations, which includes changes in the composition, mass, volume and geometry of the heart, is known as myocardial remodeling. In relation to clinical significance, the intensity of the ventricular remodeling process is directly associated with worse prognosis, due to the higher incidence of aneurysm formation, ventricular rupture and arrhythmia, and is also associated with the progression of ventricular dysfunction. A relevant aspect to be considered is that a number of strategies have been employed to prevent or mitigate the process of ventricular remodeling following AMI, for instance: reperfusion therapy, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II antagonists, beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, aldosterone antagonists, and left ventricular assist devices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Angiotensin II/antagonists & inhibitors , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Nitrates/therapeutic use , Recovery of Function , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology , Myocardial Reperfusion , Assisted Circulation , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction/therapy
17.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 96(4): 300-306, abr. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-585910

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A cardiomiopatia chagásica é uma causa importante de insuficiência cardíaca na América Latina. A dissincronia ventricular pode ser um fator de descompensação no curso da doença, mas não há dados sobre sua prevalência e principais implicações prognósticas, ainda. OBJETIVO: Descrever a prevalência e valores prognósticos da dissincronia ventricular na cardiomiopatia chagásica. MÉTODOS: 56 pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica foram selecionados consecutivamente através de dois testes sorológicos positivos e uma fração de ejeção (FE) < 45 por cento no ecocardiograma. O ecocardiograma avaliou a presença de dissincronia intraventricular utilizando três critérios e dissincronia interventricular utilizando 1 critério. Os pacientes foram seguidos por 21 ± 14 meses e os eventos cardíacos foram definidos como a combinação de morte e hospitalização. RESULTADOS: A média da idade da população era de 56 ± 10 anos, sendo 50 por cento do sexo masculino. A FE média era de 30 ± 8 por cento e 87 por cento dos pacientes apresentavam classe funcional I/II (NYHA). A prevalência de dissincronia interventricular era de 34 por cento (IC95 por cento: 22 por cento-48 por cento) e a dissincronia intraventricular tinha uma prevalência de 85 por cento (IC95 por cento: 75 por cento-93 por cento). A prevalência de dissincronia intraventricular era similar em pacientes com duração do QRS < 0,12 s ou > 0,12 s (85 por cento e 89 por cento, respectivamente, p = 0,66). Vinte eventos foram registrados. A incidência de eventos combinados foi similar em pacientes com ou sem dissincronia intraventricular (35 por cento versus 38 por cento, p = 0,9) e aqueles com ou sem dissincronia interventricular (39 por cento versus 34 por cento, p = 0,73). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica apresentam alta prevalência de dissincronia intraventricular e moderada prevalência de dissincronia interventricular. A alta prevalência independe da largura do QRS. A dissincronia ventricular não tem qualquer valor prognóstico em pacientes com cardiomiopatia chagásica.


BACKGROUND: Chagas cardiomyopathy is one important cause of heart failure in Latin America. Ventricular dyssynchrony may be a factor of decompensation in the course of this disease, but there are no data on its prevalence and its main prognostic implications yet. OBJECTIVE: Describe prevalence and prognostic value of ventricular dyssynchrony in Chagas cardiomyopathy. METHODS: 56 patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy were consecutively selected by two positive serologies and an ejection fraction < 45 percent in the echocardiogram. The echocardiogram evaluated the presence of intraventricular dyssynchrony using 3 criteria and interventricular dyssynchrony using 1 criterion. Patients were followed for 21 ± 14 months and cardiac events were defined as the combination of death and hospitalization. RESULTS: The average age of the population was 56 ± 10 years, 50 percent males. Mean ejection fraction was 30 ± 8 percent and 87 percent presented functional class I/II (NYHA). The prevalence of interventricular dyssynchrony was 34 percent (95 percent CI: 22 percent-48 percent) and intraventricular dyssynchrony had a prevalence of 85 percent (95 percent CI: 75 percent-93 percent). The prevalence of intraventricular dyssynchrony was similar among patients with QRS duration < 0.12 s or > 0.12 s (85 percent and 89 percent, respectively, p = 0.66). Twenty events were recorded. The incidence of combined events was similar in patients with or without intraventricular dyssynchrony (35 percent versus 38 percent, p = 0.9) and those with or without interventricular dyssynchrony (39 percent versus 34 percent, p = 0.73). CONCLUSION: Patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy have high intraventricular and moderate interventricular prevalence of dyssynchrony. The high prevalence is independent from the QRS width. The ventricular dyssynchrony does not have any prognostic value in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy.


FUNDAMENTO: La miocardiopatía chagásica es una causa importante de insuficiencia cardíaca en América Latina. La disincronía ventricular puede ser un factor de descompensación en el curso de la enfermedad, pero todavía no hay datos sobre su prevalencia e implicaciones pronósticas importantes. OBJETIVO:Describir la prevalencia y valores pronósticos de la disincronía ventricular en la miocardiopatía chagásica. MÉTODOS:56 pacientes con cardiomiopatía chagásica se seleccionaron de forma consecutiva en dos pruebas serológicas positivas y una fracción de eyección (FE) < 45 por ciento en el ecocardiograma. El ecocardiograma evaluó la presencia de disincronía intraventricular usando tres criterios y disincronía interventricular con un criterio. Los pacientes fueron seguidos durante 21 ± 14 meses, y los eventos cardíacos se definen como la combinación de muerte y hospitalización. RESULTADOS:La media de edad de la población fue de 56 ± 10 años, y el 50 por ciento hombres era del sexo masculino. La fracción de eyección (FE) media fue de 30 ± 8 por ciento y el 87 por ciento de los pacientes tenía clase funcional I/II (NYHA). La prevalencia de disincronía interventricular fue del 34 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 22 por ciento-48 por ciento) y la disincronía intraventricular tenía una prevalencia del 85 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento: 75 por ciento-93 por ciento). La prevalencia de disincronía intraventricular era similar en pacientes con duración del QRS < 0,12 s ó > 0,12 s (85 por ciento y 89 por ciento respectivamente, p = 0,66). Veinte eventos se registraron. La incidencia de eventos combinados fue similar en pacientes con o sin la disincronía intraventricular (35 por ciento versus 38 por ciento, p = 0,9) y aquellos con o sin la disincronía interventricular (39 por ciento versus 34 por ciento, p = 0,73). CONCLUSIÓN:Pacientes con miocardiopatía chagásica tienen alta prevalencia de disincronía intraventricular y moderada prevalencia de disincronía interventricular. La alta prevalencia independiente de la anchura del QRS. La disincronía ventricular no tiene algún valor pronóstico en pacientes con miocardiopatía chagásica.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Brazil/epidemiology , Electrocardiography , Epidemiologic Factors , Follow-Up Studies , Multivariate Analysis , Observer Variation , Pacemaker, Artificial , Prevalence , Prognosis , Time Factors , Ventricular Dysfunction/epidemiology , Ventricular Dysfunction
18.
Clinics ; 66(5): 889-893, 2011. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593856

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether previous exercise training could prevent or attenuate acute cardiac alterations after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Female rats were submitted to swim training (1 h/day; 5 days/week) or allowed to remain sedentary for 8 weeks. Afterwards, they were randomly assigned to left coronary artery occlusion or sham surgery. After this procedure, the rats remained sedentary for one week until euthanasia. Cardiac structural and functional analyses were performed using Doppler echocardiography. The rats that had a moderate or large infarct size were included in the evaluations. The data (mean + SEM) were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA model followed byTukey's post-hoc test. RESULTS: After the surgery, no significant difference between the exercise and sedentary groups was observed in the left ventricular infarct sizes (34.58 + 3.04 vs. 37.59 + 3.07). In another group of rats evaluated with Evans blue 1 h after myocardial infarction, no siginificant difference in the area at risk was observed between the exercised and sedentary rats (49.73 + 1.52 vs. 45.48 + 3.49). The changes in the left ventricular fractional areas for the exercised and sedentary myocardial infarction groups (36 + 2 percent and 39 + 3 percent, respectively) were smaller than those for the exercise sham surgery (ES, 67+1 percent) and sedentary sham surgery (SS, 69 + 2 percent) groups. The E/A was higher in the sedentary myocardial infarction (4.4 + 0.3) and exercised myocardial infarction (5.5 + 0.3) rats than in the SS (2.4 + 0.1) and ES (2.2 + 0.1) rats. CONCLUSION: Previous swim training of female rats does not attenuate systolic and diastolic function alterations after myocardial infarction induced by left coronary artery occlusion, suggesting that cardioprotection cannot be provided by exercise training in this experimental model.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Swimming/physiology , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology , Coronary Stenosis/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar
19.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 21(2): 117-123, 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-620975

ABSTRACT

An acute left ventricular disfunction, induced by physical or emotional stress, has been described, known as Tako-tsubo syndrome. Acute coronary disease has shown to be its most important differential diagnosis, based on the similar clinical findings described in this group of patients. It usually presents with chest pain, reversible ST segment elevation in the electrocardiogram, discrete myocardial enzyme elevation and transient left ventricular wall motion abnormality, with no significant coronary arteries disease demonstrated. In this article we present the case of a46 year old woman with a typical Tako-tsubo’s syndrome medical profile who was hospitalized in our Hospital, with an initial diagnosis of an acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. We describe the general study and management of this syndrome and make a discussion about the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiology , Ventricular Dysfunction/diagnosis , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
20.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 159-166, July 2009. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520876

ABSTRACT

Chagas disease is a pleomorphic clinical entity that has several unique features. The aim of this study is to summarise some of the recent contributions from our research group to knowledge of the morbidity and prognostic factors in Chagas heart disease. A retrospective study suggested that ischaemic stroke associated with left ventricular (LV) apical thrombi is the first clinical manifestation of Chagas disease observed in a large proportion of patients. LV function and left atrial volume (LAV) are independent risk factors for ischaemic cerebrovascular events during follow-up of Chagas heart disease patients. Pulmonary congestion in Chagas-related dilated cardiomyopathy is common but usually mild. Although early right ventricular (RV) involvement has been described, we have shown by Doppler echocardiography that RV dysfunction is evident almost exclusively when it is associated with left ventricle dilatation and functional impairment. In addition, RV dysfunction is a powerful predictor of survival in patients with heart failure secondary to Chagas disease. We have also demonstrated that LAV provides incremental prognostic information independent of clinical data and conventional echocardiographic parameters that predict survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Chronic Disease , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/mortality , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/physiopathology , Chagas Cardiomyopathy , Electrocardiography , Heart Failure/physiopathology , Prognosis , Ventricular Dysfunction/physiopathology
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